• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for the parameterization of a model for the prediction of wear in brake linings, in particular rail vehicles, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method. According to the method of the invention, peripheral speeds (v), contact pressures (p), braking times (tB), optional contact temperatures (T) of friction partners or braking powers (P) and wear (W0) are continuously measured during operational operations and maintenance and servicing operations at predetermined time intervals From this, general constants (C) and material parameters () are determined. The calculation method and its results are visualized on an output unit (2) of the device. As a result of the ongoing execution of the method, the advantage is achieved that the model for wear prediction becomes more and more precise as the number of update processes of the general constant (C) and of the material parameter () increases.
    公开号:AT519086A4
    申请号:T50691/2016
    申请日:2016-07-29
    公开日:2018-04-15
    发明作者:Kleinschuster Christoph；Josef Jamnig Simon
    申请人:Siemens Ag Oesterreich；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Parameterization of a model for wear prognosis for brake linings
    Brake linings of friction brake systems are subject to wear during use, which continuously reduces the lining thickness. If a brake pad falls below its specified minimum thickness, it must be replaced, otherwise damage to the brake system or a reduction of the braking effect may occur.
    The detection of the permissible limit measure requires continuous monitoring of the lining thickness by technically, temporally and financially complicated procedures. In addition, a precise assessment of the lining thickness is important, especially in the case of expensive sintered linings, in order to avoid lining changes before the corresponding wear limit values are reached and thus to make full use of the available wear reserve of the lining.
    From EP 1 384 638 Bl an apparatus and a method for monitoring the functional or
    Wear state of brake pads or brake discs of a vehicle brake known.
    According to the teaching of this document by means of sensors, the sliding speed between the brake pads and the brake disc during a braking operation, the temperature of the friction surfaces at least one brake pad, and the braking force measured during braking, as well as the braking time of the braking determined and from the sliding speed, the temperature, the braking force, the braking time, the brake pad surface, as well as material-specific parameters such as a correlation constant and exponent of the wear of the brake pad determined after the end of the braking time.
    The document does not disclose how the material-specific parameters are determined.
    Furthermore, DE 10 2007 035 332 A1 describes a monitoring method with respect to the strength of friction partners of a vehicle friction brake. Depending on speeds, brake pressures and temperatures, wear is determined based on a polynomial function. The polynomial function includes coefficients that are determined by tests.
    The invention has for its object to provide a comparison with the prior art improved Parametrisierungsverfahren.
    According to the invention, this object is achieved with a parameterization method of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the determination of the material parameters and the general constant is carried out continuously, at fixed time intervals during operational operations as well as maintenance and servicing operations of the vehicle.
    Brake pad thicknesses are measured during selected vehicle maintenance and servicing operations, braking parameters such as peripheral speed, contact pressure, braking duration, contact temperature, and braking performance during rail vehicle service operations.
    From this information, the material parameters and the general constant are calculated.
    As a result of this measure, an ongoing expansion of the range of use of a model for calculating wear prognosis is achieved, and the material parameters are adapted to this widening spectrum.
    This provides the advantage that the accuracy of the wear forecast improves continuously.
    Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
    An advantageous embodiment is obtained if at least two material parameter sets and at least two general constants are determined, the selection of which takes place in a wear prediction calculation as a function of the driving and braking behavior of the vehicle.
    By this measure, a favorable adaptation of a model for predicting wear on the real conditions (driving and braking behavior of a vehicle or wear behavior of a friction braking system) is achieved.
    It is favorable if means for determining the brake lining thickness, the circumferential speed, the contact pressure, the braking duration, the general constant and the material parameters, optionally the contact temperature and the braking power during a parameterization process, means for determining wear rates and a simulated wear and at least one output unit are provided.
    Through the output unit, brake parameters (e.g., apply pressures, peripheral speeds, braking times, etc.), brake pad thickness, material parameters, etc. can be displayed to an operator for control purposes and for statistical evaluations.
    The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments.
    They show by way of example:
    Fig. 1: A schematic representation of an inventive device for the determination of material parameters and constants of a model for determining the wear of brake pads with an output unit.
    The wear of brake linings of rail vehicles is determined by a method in which, in accordance with the requirement
    a wear rate W is determined, with C = general constant A = lining surface p = contact pressure v = peripheral speed tB = braking time P = braking power T = contact temperature of friction partners α = material parameter pressure ß = material parameter velocity γ = material parameter braking time δ = material parameter braking power ε = material parameter temperature
    Essential factors in the determination of the wear rate W are lining surface A, contact pressure p, peripheral speed v of a brake disk in contact with a brake pad, and braking time tB. The use of the contact temperature T and the braking power P is optional, i. not mandatory. While the lining surface A results from the design features of the brake, the contact pressure p, the peripheral speed v and the braking time tB are continuously determined during operation. The determination of the contact pressure p and the peripheral speed v is carried out from the detection of the brake cylinder pressure pZ and the vehicle speed vF and, using the geometric and kinematic properties of the brake system, a mathematical transformation of these variables.
    The contact temperature T and the braking power P can be determined by simulation with the availability of suitable calculation models and optionally used in the above specification. If, under certain operating conditions, one or both of these values are not available, this is taken into account by setting the corresponding material parameters ε, δ = 0 and thus leaving the respectively associated variables contact temperature T and braking power P ineffective in the regulation.
    The determination of the material parameters α, β, γ, δ, s and the general constant C takes place during operation of a vehicle in a route network, the vehicle having suitable systems for detecting brake cylinder pressure pZ and vehicle speed vF and optionally for simulating contact temperature T and braking power P is equipped.
    In addition, during selected maintenance operations, the brakes are tested and the total measured wear WO, i. the wear of the brake pads or brake pad thickness determined during operation.
    From the temporal, numerical integral of the function
    results in the brake pad wear in a given period. In this period measured values for wear WO are used in the integral and together with the lining surface A, contact pressures p,
    Peripheral velocities v, braking times tB and optional contact temperatures T or braking power P, the material parameters α, ß, γ, δ, s and the general constant C are determined by means of an iterative, automatically running computing process. In this case, a numerical method, as is usually used to solve nonlinear equation systems used, such as a so-called Newton or Bisektionsverfahren used. On the basis of the results for the material parameters α, β, γ, δ, ε and the general constant C, together with the
    Lining surface A, measured contact pressures p,
    Circumferential speeds v, braking times tb and optional contact temperatures T or braking performance P wear prediction calculations are performed, i. Values for a simulated wear WS can be determined.
    It is conceivable that, depending on the driving and braking behavior, more than one material parameter set α, β, γ, δ, ε results from the iterative computing process, i. E. For example, for brake applications with low contact pressures p, the brake lining wear behavior of the vehicle can be precisely mapped with a material parameter set α1, β1, γΐ, δΐ, si. For braking with high contact pressures p, the brake pad wear behavior of the vehicle can be mapped with a material parameter set α2, β2, for example. γ2, 52, s2. For this reason, at least two are used for the wear prediction calculation on the basis of the parameterization process according to the invention
    Material parameter sets (al, ßl, γΐ, δ 1, ε1, α2, β2, γ2, δ2, ε2) and two general constants (Cl, C2) are used.
    The parameterization process is performed at predetermined intervals during operation of the vehicle, i. the material parameters .alpha., .beta., .gamma., .delta., s and the general constant C are constantly updated, as a result of which a constantly increasing operating spectrum of the vehicle is imaged and thus an increasing accuracy of the wear prediction calculation results.
    The interval of the parameterization process is extended with increasing number of parameterization processes carried out or is flexible. So it can be shortened, for example, when changing the route network and thus a predictable change in the driving and braking behavior of the vehicle.
    The parameterization method is carried out by means of a device shown in FIG. 1, which is connected via cable lines as well as transmitting and receiving units of a radio interface to a data bus 1 of a vehicle and an output unit 2. During operation of the vehicle, brake cylinder pressure data pZ and vehicle speed data vF are detected over the data bus 1 over time and braking durations tB are formed. The brake cylinder pressure data pZ are calculated, based on design details of a braking system of the vehicle, transformed into contact pressures p, the vehicle speed data vF in peripheral speeds v of a brake disc. The temporal numerical integral of the prescription W = CA-pa-vt-t / * Ρδ * Τε and wear WH (or measured brake pad thicknesses) measured during maintenance and servicing operations at fixed intervals as well as contact pressures p, peripheral velocities v and braking times become material parameters α, ß, γ and a general constant C determined. The material parameters δ and ε are set equal to 0 and play no role in the calculation process, since in this embodiment the parameterization takes place without brake power and contact temperature information (P, T). Via an output unit 2, the results for the material parameters α, ß, γ, the general constant C and intervals for the contact pressure p and the
    Peripheral velocity v, which define the range of use of the vehicle and thus a range of validity for the material parameters α, ß, γ and the constant C, displayed. Furthermore, in graph form and in value tables, a wear WS simulated on the basis of the material parameters α, β, γ and the general constant C is visualized as a function of the material parameters α, β, γ and the general constant C together with values of measured wear WO. As a result, estimates can be made about the deviation between the measured wear WO and the simulated wear WS or sensitivity analyzes.
    Furthermore, a representation of the simulated wear WS as a function of the braking time tB, the contact pressure p and the peripheral speed v.
    The device according to the invention is arranged in a chassis of a rail vehicle, the output unit 2 in a driver's cab of the rail vehicle.
    This is a cheap solution.
    However, according to the invention it is also conceivable to arrange the dispensing unit 2, for example, in a maintenance stand or in the chassis.
    Furthermore, it is also conceivable to use the screen of a portable computer as the output unit 2, wherein this computer is connected via a radio interface with the device.
    In addition, the device can also be arranged outside the vehicle and be connected via cable lines or a radio interface with a vehicle-side unit, via which brake cylinder pressure pZ, vehicle speed vF and brake duration tB are detected and transmitted to the device.
    List of designations 1 Data bus 2 Output unit C General constant A Surface p Contact pressure pZ Brake cylinder pressure vF Travel speed v Circumstance tB Braking time P Brake le tt T Contact temperature α Material parameter Pressure ß Material parameter Velocity γ Material parameter Braking time δ Material parameter Braking power ε Material parameter Temperature W0 Measured wear WS Simulated wear W Wear rate
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for determining the wear of brake linings of vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, with a Parametrisierungsprozess in which from measurements brake pad thicknesses, peripheral speeds, contact pressures, braking times, contact temperatures of friction partners, braking performance, general constants and material parameters are determined, characterized in that the determination the material parameters (α, β, γ, δ, s) and the general constant (C) is carried out continuously, at specified time intervals during operations and maintenance and servicing operations of the vehicle.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two sets of material parameter (al, ßl, γΐ, δΐ, sl, a2, ß2, γ2, 52, s2) and at least two general constants (Cl, C2) are determined, their selection in a wear prognosis calculation depending on the driving and braking behavior of the vehicle takes place.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake lining thicknesses are measured during maintenance and servicing operations of the vehicle.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral speed (v), the contact pressure (p), the braking time (tB), the contact temperature (T) and the braking power (P) are measured during operational use of the vehicle.
    [5]
    5. Device which is adapted to carry out one of the methods according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that means for determining the brake pad thickness, the peripheral speed (v), the contact pressure (p), the braking time (tB), the general constant (C) and the material parameters (α, ß, γ, δ, ε), optionally the contact temperature (T) and the braking power (P) during a Parametrisierungsprozesses, means for determining wear rates (W) and a simulated wear (WS) and at least one output unit 2 are provided.
    [6]
    6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one output unit 2 is arranged in a car body.
    [7]
    7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one output unit 2 is arranged in a chassis.
    [8]
    8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one output unit 2 is arranged in a computing unit outside the vehicle.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3299234A1|2018-03-28|
    AT519086B1|2018-04-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0598997A1|1992-11-26|1994-06-01|Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft|Procecess for determining and indicating the brake pad wear of a motor vehicle brake installation as well as a device for indicating and warning for carrying out the process|
    EP1384638A2|2002-07-25|2004-01-28|Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH|Method and device for monitoring the operational state and/or the wear of brake linings and/or brake discs of a vehicle brake|
    WO2013034734A2|2011-09-09|2013-03-14|Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH|Brake control device for a brake system of a rail vehicle, brake system, rail vehicle and method for operating a brake control device|
    DE102014215575A1|2014-08-06|2016-02-11|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Stress control during the operation of a component|
    DE10127480A1|2000-06-16|2002-03-28|Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg|Method for determining or estimating the tightness or condition of brake pads using a determination of the braking period and intensity|CN112049882B|2020-10-23|2021-10-01|坤泰车辆系统（常州）有限公司|Friction plate wear warning strategy for fixed brake caliper of disc brake|
    法律状态:
    2019-09-15| PC| Change of the owner|Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH, AT Effective date: 20190814 |
    2021-12-15| HC| Change of the firm name or firm address|Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY AUSTRIA GMBH, AT Effective date: 20211108 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50691/2016A|AT519086B1|2016-07-29|2016-07-29|Method for determining the wear of brake linings of vehicles|ATA50691/2016A| AT519086B1|2016-07-29|2016-07-29|Method for determining the wear of brake linings of vehicles|
    EP17180917.1A| EP3299234A1|2016-07-29|2017-07-12|Parametrization of a model for forecasting wear on brake pads|
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